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Extrusions

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A newer version of the Maps SDK is available
This page uses v9.7.1 of the Mapbox Maps SDK. A newer version of the SDK is available. Learn about the latest version, v11.8.0, in the Maps SDK documentation.

The Mapbox Style Specification uses the term extrusion to refer to a 3D shape displayed on a map. Extrusions are often seen on the map in the form of buildings, but any type of Polygon shape can be extruded. The shape of a building extrusion follows the building footprint shape as if the 2D Polygon has been stretched vertically, a specified distance in meters, from the map's surface.

Like many other visual aspects of a Mapbox map, extrusions can be styled at run time and based on the values of data fields in the source data.

Add and style an extrusions via the Maps SDK for Android's FillExtrusionLayer. The FillExtrusionLayer is initialized with a unique ID and a unique or shared source ID, like other Maps SDK layers. Then define the FillExtrusionLayer layer's properties before adding the layer to the map's Style object.

Styling​

The Maps SDK for Android extrusion styling options follow the official Mapbox Style Specification.

Read the Style Specification properties to learn more about extrusion colors, opacity, pattern, coordinate offsetting, and more.

The Mapbox Android demo app's extrusions-related examples show what's possible for styling extrusions.


mapboxMap.getStyle(new Style.OnStyleLoaded() {
	@Override
	public void onStyleLoaded(@NonNull Style style) {

		FillExtrusionLayer fillExtrusionLayer = new FillExtrusionLayer("extrusion-layer-id", "source-id");

		fillExtrusionLayer.setProperties(
		  fillExtrusionHeight(HEIGHT_NUMBER)
		);

		style.addLayer(fillExtrusionLayer);
	}
});

Light​

Part of the Mapbox Style Specification is the concept of light. You can adjust the color, intensity, and angle at which light hits the map, as if you were adjusting the location of the sun.

A style's light property provides a global light source for that entire style. Because these properties are applied across all layers, light is a root property in the Style Specification rather than a paint or layout property to be defined in a single fill-extrusion layer.

Note
Consider using Mapbox Studio to iterate on a map style's light options. Working in Mapbox Studio allows you to more quickly explore the visual impact of changes to your style's light properties compared to iterating in your Android project. Once you find the values in Mapbox Studio that create the extrusion styling that you want, then use the same final values in your Android project's code.Read more about the spherical coordinate system to understand light's radial, azimuthal, and polar positioning.
EXAMPLE
Light adjustment

Adjust the light's location and color to see how it affects the extrusion.

Tricks​

Extrusion styling is enhanced by the Maps SDK's expressions and data-driven styling. Their combination can lead to fun effects and achieving the specific data visualization to match your use case.

Relative heights​

If you're using extrusions as a data visualization strategy for data that's not related to the physical height of objects in space (for example, visualizing the population in census block groups), the value of the data field might not be appropriate as an extrusion height (in meters). To make the extrusions visible at various zoom levels you can use Maps SDK expressions to make all the extrusions appear much taller on the map and keep their relative height differences the same. This way, the extrusions can be visible at a much lower zoom level when the map camera is farther away from the map surface.

fillExtrusionHeight(sum(literal(CONSTANT_NUMBER), get("HEIGHT_FEATURE_PROPERTY_KEY"))))); is the key to this effect.


mapboxMap.getStyle(new Style.OnStyleLoaded() {
	@Override
	public void onStyleLoaded(@NonNull Style style) {

		FillExtrusionLayer fillExtrusionLayer = new FillExtrusionLayer("extrusion-layer-id", "source-id");

		fillExtrusionLayer.setProperties(
		  fillExtrusionColor(COLOR.RED),
		  fillExtrusionHeight(sum(literal(CONSTANT_NUMBER), get("HEIGHT_FEATURE_PROPERTY_KEY")))
		);

		style.addLayer(fillExtrusionLayer);
	}
});
EXAMPLE
Vector data height

Set extrusion height based on a dataset.

Base vs. height​

Adjusting the difference between fillExtrusionBase and fillExtrusionHeight leads to interesting visual effects as well. If the difference is a small amount such as 3 meters, the visual effect will be a small sliver of an extrusion that appears to be floating in the air. This can be a nice yet rudimentary way to visualize flight data or other data that is not connected to the flat surface of the map.


mapboxMap.getStyle(new Style.OnStyleLoaded() {
	@Override
	public void onStyleLoaded(@NonNull Style style) {

		FillExtrusionLayer fillExtrusionLayer = new FillExtrusionLayer("extrusion-layer-id", "source-id");

		fillExtrusionLayer.setProperties(
			fillExtrusionColor(Color.RED),
			fillExtrusionBase(get("HEIGHT_FEATURE_PROPERTY_KEY")),
          fillExtrusionHeight(sum(literal(CONSTANT_NUMBER), get("HEIGHT_FEATURE_PROPERTY_KEY")))
		);

		style.addLayer(fillExtrusionLayer);
	}
});

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